
From
California to the New York Island, from the redwood forest to the Gulf
Stream waters, this land is filled with fatties, lard butts and people
large enough to have their own gravitational fields. Yes, America is the
land of the "large and in charge," and one of the main reasons for it
is our love of fast food.
Though it's tempting to put all the blame for America's obesity crisis
on the fast-food industry -- and experts say it is at least partly at
fault -- it's important to view it in context. The industry came of age
during the 1950s as suburban communities saw their populations
skyrocket, and social mores also began changing as women began to
increasingly work outside the home. It was at that point that some of
the savviest entrepreneurs in American corporate history sprang into
action.
McDonald's Corp. (
MCD)
got in on the trend in 1955 when businessman Ray Kroc wondered how the
McDonald Brothers sold so many burgers at their Southern California
burger joint. He opened his first McDonald's Drive-In in Des Plaines,
Ill. Today, there are more than 32,000 restaurants under the Golden
Arches.
Col. Harlan Sanders began franchising Kentucky Fried Chicken in 1952.
Five years later, Sanders began selling chicken in buckets and today
there are more than 15,000 KFC outlets. James McLamore and David
Edgerton founded Burger King in 1954, when as the company's website
notes "flame-broiled beef [began] fulfilling its destiny." There are
more than 12,500 Burger Kings today. Glen W. Bell Jr. opened the first
Taco Bell (
YUM)
in 1962 with an investment of $4,000 and eventually sold the chain to
Pepsico in 1978. At that time, there were 868 Taco Bells. Today, there
are nearly 6,000. At the tender age of 17, Fred DeLuca co-founded Subway
Restaurants in 1965. They have 32,800 locations today.
Many of the same trends that helped create the modern fast-food industry
are still helping fuel its growth. Many children, especially racial
minorities, live in single-parent households, including a whopping 65%
of black children and 37% of Hispanic children as of 2007, according to
Kids Count. Mothers are working outside the home at much higher rates
than in decades past. It is projected that women will account for 46.9%
of the labor force in 2018, up from 46.8% in 2018. Add to this mix the
high unemployment rates caused by an uncertain
economy, and the allure of fast, cheap food becomes hard to resist.
And therein lies the problem.
Obesity is a public health crisis. Obesity rates have tripled among
children since 1980. In 2009, only Colorado and the District of Columbia
had a prevalence of obesity less than 20%, according to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. People who are obese are vulnerable to
everything from diabetes to heart disease resulting in some $147 billion
in direct medical costs annually.
The degree to which fast food is at fault for the poor state of the
health of many Americans "is impossible to quantify, but is definitely a
factor," says Christina Munsell, a registered dietitian and research
assistant at the Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity at Yale
University, in an interview. The increase in obesity "definitely would
correlate with eating quicker meals that are easier to obtain."
In order to create the rankings, 24/7 Wall St. examined the menus of the
top 10 restaurant brands in the quick service category by sales as
determined by QSR, an industry publication, looking for the most
unhealthy options in the fast-food universe:items that were the highest
in calories, carbohydrates, sodium and saturated fat. We then ranked
them against the nutritional guidelines of the United States Department
of Agriculture.
A couple of important caveats to consider. Not everything sold at fast
food restaurants is unhealthy. The industry aggressively promotes
healthier choice on their menus. Subway, for one, makes a special point
of doing this, though its foot-long subs are not healthy choices.
Moreover, experts point out that many items sold at sit-down restaurants
are actually much more unhealthy than many fast food items. Fast food,
though, has gained ground during the economic slowdown while casual and
fine dining chains have suffered. McDonald's alone earned $24.58 billion
in revenue in 2010. Yum! Brands, parent of KFC, Taco Bell and Pizza
Hut, made $11.42 billion.
Methodology: We derived the rankings by taking the average nutritional
ratings of menu items compared with the USDA recommendations.
Carbohydrates, saturated fat, and sodium were given the most weight.
Calories and protein were also considered.
10. Wendy's Baconator Double
> Calories (pct. daily diet): 930 (36%)
> Saturated Fat: 25g
> Carbohydrate (pct. daily diet): 41 (13%)
> Sodium (pct. daily diet): 1840mg (80%)
Whose says you can never have too much bacon? Anyone with sense, that's
who. The Rudd Center's Munsell noted with amusement how fast food chains
"combine every type of meat on one sandwich." The Baconator was
relentlessly hyped for a while. A Wendy's (
WEN) spokesperson did not respond to a request for comment.
9. Burger King Triple Whopper with Cheese
> Calories (pct. daily diet): 1180 (45%)
> Saturated Fat: 30g
> Carbohydrate (pct. daily diet): 52 (16%)
> Sodium (pct. daily diet): 1330mg (58%)
The Triple Whopper makes a mere Quarter Pounder with Cheese seem like
health food. At 1,140 calories, it packs more than twice the punch of
the McDonald's burger, which has 535 calories. In a statement to 24/7
Wall St., the company referred to the Triple Whopper as an "indulgent
option for our guests." Burger King says it encourages customers to eat
healthy choices that provide 650 calories or less -- approximately
one-third of a 2,000-calorie daily diet.
8. Subway Footlong Sweet Onion Chicken Teriyaki
> Calories (pct. daily diet): 750 (28%)
> Saturated Fat: 2.5g
> Carbohydrate (pct. daily diet): 117 (41%)
> Sodium (pct. daily diet): 1810 mg (79%)
Subway, unhealthy? In some cases, the answer is "yes." While this
sandwich is low in calories and fat, it is high in salt. The portions of
Subway's foot-long sandwiches are too large, Munsell notes. Subway did
not respond to a request for comment.
7. Wendy's Triple
> Calories (pct. daily diet): 1030 (40%)
> Saturated Fat: 28g
> Carbohydrate (pct. daily diet): 43 (18%)
> Sodium (pct. daily diet): 1800mg (78%)
Anyone eating this monstrosity might not realize that the USDA suggests
one portion of meat should be roughly the size of deck of cards. This
Wendy's monster burger weighs in at a whopping 423 grams. Wendy's has
struggled for years against larger rivals. It unloaded its
underperforming Arby's chain earlier this week to private-equity group
Roark Capital Group. Wendy's did not respond to a request for comment.
6. Taco Bell XXL Grilled Stuft Burrito Beef
> Calories (pct. daily diet): 880 (34%)
> Saturated Fat: 3g
> Carbohydrate (pct. daily diet): 94 (26%)
> Sodium (pct. daily diet): 2130mg (93%)
Taco Bell has mastered the art of blending meats and cheese in ever more
creative caloric combinations. The XXL Grilled Stuft Burrito Beef is a
monument to gluttony. Taco Bell calls it its "biggest burrito yet." It
has "a blend of three cheeses – cheddar, pepper jack and mozzarella –
flavorful seasoned rice, hearty beans, reduced-fat sour cream, chunky
guacamole, avocado ranch and fiesta salsa, wrapped up in a warm flour
tortilla." Taco Bell's sales have been hurt recently by questions
surrounding the quality of its beef.
5. McDonald's Angus Chipotle BBQ Bacon
> Calories (pct. daily diet): 800 (31%)
> Saturated Fat: 18g
> Carbohydrate (pct. daily diet): 66 (18%)
> Sodium (pct. daily diet): 2020mg (88%)
The Angus Chipotle is big and has bacon, two red flags for any dieter.
"It's problematic," says Munsell, adding that the Golden Arches have
borne the brunt of negative publicity about fast food. That's unfair.
"We did find that McDonald's did have more healthy options" than other
chains, she notes. Indeed, it ended its Super Size promotion a few years
ago, no doubt spurred by the publicity surrounding Morgan Spurlock's
Oscar-nominated documentary
Super Size Me.
4. Sonic SuperSONIC Bacon Double Cheeseburger with Mayo
> Calories (pct. daily diet): 1370 (53%)
> Saturated Fat: 36g
> Carbohydrate (pct. daily diet): 55 (17%)
> Sodium (pct. daily diet): 1610mg (70%)
The name alone should make a diner want to grab a fistful of Lipitor.
Those brave enough to chow down on this 1,370 calorie colossus probably
shouldn't eat much for the rest of the day. Once a regional operator in
the South and Midwest, Sonic (
SONC) now operates over 3,500 locations.
3. KFC Chicken Pot Pie
> Calories (pct. daily diet): 790 (30%)
> Saturated Fat: 37g
> Carbohydrate (pct. daily diet): 66 (20%)
> Sodium (pct. daily diet): 1970mg (86%)
Salty and high in calories, there is little positive that can be said
about the KFC Chicken Pot Pie. But a Yum! Brands spokesman had this to
say: "It's all about providing our consumers with choices, and each of
our brands has introduced products that are lower in calories and fat,
such as KFC's Kentucky Grilled Chicken, Pizza Hut's Thin 'N Crispy
Pizzas and salads and Taco Bell's Drive Thru Diet Menu with 7 items less
than 9 grams of fat."
In other words, diners have a choice about whether or not they eat
something with almost a full day's allotment of sodium in one item.
2. Subway 12-inch Italian B.M.T
> Calories (pct. daily diet): 900 (35%)
> Saturated Fat: 16g
> Carbohydrate (pct. daily diet): 94 (27%)
> Sodium (pct. daily diet): 3,000 mg (130%)
It's easy to see why Subway does not list this sandwich under the
"low-fat footlongs" on its web site. It has a whopping 3,000 mg of salt,
130% of the recommended allotment in a daily diet. "The problem with
Subway is the portion size," Munsell says, adding that the problem with
this sandwich is the salty luncheon meats. However, Subway is getting
the message about salt. As an April
USA Today article noted,
"Beginning today, sodium content in Subway's 'Fresh Fit' sandwich line
in the U.S. will be cut 28% vs. 2009, when Subway first began to cut
salt. And sodium in its overall sandwich line will be cut by 15%,
compared with the same period."
1. Pizza Hut Triple Meat Italiano (9-inch personal pizza)
> Calories (pct. daily diet): 1,280 (49%)
> Saturated Fat: 23g
> Carbohydrate (pct. daily diet): 123 (38%)
> Sodium (pct. daily diet): 3,070mg (133%)
Pizza -- plain, with cheese and sauce -- is not particularly unhealthy.
This gastronomical overkill featuring "all-natural pepperoni,
all-natural Italian sausage, and baked ham" is terrible for you. Pizza
Hut offers plenty of healthier choices.